Enzymes can be classified into following groups.
1- Hydrolyzing and Oxidizing Enzymes
Hydrolyzing enzymes break down the substrate by the addition of water. e.g Carbohydrases(acts on carbohydrates), proteinases (acts on proteins) and eaterases (acts on easters). Carbohydrases include amylase (converts starch into maltose), maltase ( converts maltose into d-glucose) ,sucrase ( converts sucrose into glucose ) etc. Easterases include lipases (converts fats into fatty acid and glycerols) and phosphatases (converts phosphoric acid esters into phosphoric acid) etc.
Oxidizing enzymes help in oxidation-reduction process by transfer of electrons or hydrogen. These are classified as oxidases and dehydrogenases. Oxidases use molecular oxygen as hydrogen acceptor to form water e.g cytochrome oxidase. While hydrogenases remove hydrogen from the substrate and transfer it to the oxygen or to reducible substance. Flavoproteins (yellow enzymes) also accept hydrogen from substrates.
2- Intracellular & Extracellular Enzymes
Intracellular enzymes are produced and used in the same cell while extracellular enzymes are produced in one cell and used in other cells in other part of body.
3- Desmolases & Phosphorylases
1- Hydrolyzing and Oxidizing Enzymes
Hydrolyzing enzymes break down the substrate by the addition of water. e.g Carbohydrases(acts on carbohydrates), proteinases (acts on proteins) and eaterases (acts on easters). Carbohydrases include amylase (converts starch into maltose), maltase ( converts maltose into d-glucose) ,sucrase ( converts sucrose into glucose ) etc. Easterases include lipases (converts fats into fatty acid and glycerols) and phosphatases (converts phosphoric acid esters into phosphoric acid) etc.
Oxidizing enzymes help in oxidation-reduction process by transfer of electrons or hydrogen. These are classified as oxidases and dehydrogenases. Oxidases use molecular oxygen as hydrogen acceptor to form water e.g cytochrome oxidase. While hydrogenases remove hydrogen from the substrate and transfer it to the oxygen or to reducible substance. Flavoproteins (yellow enzymes) also accept hydrogen from substrates.
2- Intracellular & Extracellular Enzymes
Intracellular enzymes are produced and used in the same cell while extracellular enzymes are produced in one cell and used in other cells in other part of body.
3- Desmolases & Phosphorylases
Desmolases catalyse the reaction by breaking carbon to carbon bonds e.g aldolase and carboxylase. while phosphorylases acts by adding phosphate group to the substrate. This process is called phosphorylation Its reversible process is called dephosphorylation. Some known phosphorylases are amylo-phosphorylases, trans-phosphorylases, phospho-isomarase and phospho-mutase etc.
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